Electricity rate sources & methodology

Residential electricity rates

Power Wars compares published household electricity prices, not wholesale electricity, business tariffs or real-time grid prices. Every price includes its observation period and source.

U.S. state averages

EIA monthly residential prices measure residential sales revenue per kilowatt-hour sold. We cover all 50 states, Washington D.C. and the national average, with histories beginning in 2020. Prices may be revised.

Countries covered by Eurostat

Eurostat nrg_pc_204 provides household prices for consumption of 2,500–4,999 kWh per year, including all taxes and levies. Data is reported twice a year. This feed reports in euros even for countries outside the euro area. Coverage and reporting periods vary; the map does not estimate missing countries.

Utilities, cities and counties

OpenEI / NREL 2024 EIA utility averages are annual revenue averages with ZIP associations, used under CC BY 4.0. Delivery-only providers are excluded. ZIP matches are possible service providers, not guaranteed utility territories. County and city rates cannot be inferred from utility averages. Census geocoding identifies address geography and current-vintage districts; Power Wars does not store submitted addresses.

Updates, currency and comparisons

Official EIA, Eurostat, Ireland CSO and exchange-rate feeds are checked when the dashboard or rate pages load. Results are cached for 12 hours. A daily GitHub workflow saves verified captures and changed observations in the source repository, with at most one capture record per source per day. If a feed fails, the latest repository snapshot is labeled explicitly.

Frankfurter exchange rates convert the dashboard display to USD or EUR. Converted historical charts use the displayed reference exchange rate, not historical exchange rates. Dedicated rate pages show the original source currency. Year-over-year changes compare the same reporting period in source currency.

Country rankings use covered observations with potentially different reporting dates. U.S. monthly prices and European half-year prices have different definitions. When selecting a half-year, the U.S. comparison uses June or December. Singapore and U.K. tariff snapshots are shown separately from national-average rankings.

Data centers and household power costs

The campus inventory is a small operator-sourced set of operational examples with approximate city positions, not a census of all facilities. Demand growth and electricity prices shown together do not establish causation.

Ireland CSO provides observed metered data center demand. Rounded quarterly totals can differ slightly from independently reported annual figures. LBNL reports U.S. demand estimates and future scenarios. Virginia JLARC analyzes potential future generation and transmission costs. These projections are not measured current household bill increases.